In sprinkler irrigation, the scanner was applied Water surface elevation and 50m for the detail survey of furrowed areas. The device showed some limitations in the measurement range, which was limited to about 35m for In surface irrigation, the scanner was successfully applied to (1) the survey of soil surface elevation, includingįurrowed areas (2) the determination of flow cross-sections (3) surveying the location of the advancing front and (4) measuring In this paper, the application of a 3D scanner to surface and sprinkler irrigation research is presentedĪnd discussed. With this device, very large survey data sets can be collected The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential benefits and problems of implementing this technology in courtroom settings.Ī topographic three-dimensional scanner is similar to a radiometric total station, but it does not require a reflecting prism,Īnd the optical measurement device is motorized and automated. The paper then describes experiments undertaken to assess the impact of the technology on jurors and describes some of the issues raised by the results. Most of the work was undertaken through the author’s own company in the UK, Aims Solutions Ltd., ). This paper describes a range of examples of where evidence has been presented in courtrooms using video games technology (particularly forensic animation and virtual crime scene reconstructions) (The author acted as an expert witness in all of the cases discussed, responsible for the preparation of the virtual reconstructions used as case studies in this paper. However, perhaps this specific form of digital media warrants special care and attention due to its inherently persuasive nature, and the undue reliance that the viewer may place on the evidence presented through a visualisation medium. Recently, a number of courtrooms around the world have seen the presentation of forensic evidence within reconstructed virtual environments powered by real-time game engines.At first glance, these graphical reconstructions may be seen as potentially useful in many courtroom situations, and they are often treated like any other form of digital evidence regarding their admissibility. There are a number of fundamental implications inherent in the shift from oral to visual mediation and a number of facets of this modern evidence presentation technology need to be investigated and analysed. The persuasive oral rhetoric of lawyers is increasingly being replaced by compelling visual media displays presenting a range of digital evidence in a convincing and credible manner. Courtroom environments, which have been one of the last bastions of the oral tradition, are slowly morphing into cinematic display environments.

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